Blog#12 What surprised you from the worm's dissection?

What surprised me from the worm dissection is the inside of the worm. I didn't think that it would be so interesting. To me it looks like the inside

Blog #11 Get a picture of alternation of generations put it in your blog and explain how it relates to plants

  

Alternation of generation refers to life cycles where organisms have two different multicellular stages: one that is diploid, one that is haploid. This is different from us. Human beings at any multicellular stage, are diploid. The only haploid stage we have is sperm and eggs - single cells. Gametophytes are the haploid stages of plants. It's the part that makes the gametes (sperm & eggs). In some plants, the gametophyte is the dominant stage, like in mosses. The green stuff you imagine when you think of a moss is the haploid stage. There are males that make sperm and females that make eggs. In most plants, however, the gametophyte stage is very small. In larger plants, the pollen is the male gametophyte. It contains cells that make sperm. The female gametophyte is the ovule and is inside the ovary in the flower or cone. But, even though they are small, they are still multicellular. The sporophyte stage is what is produced after fertilization and is therefore diploid. So, the actual plant or tree that you think of is the sporophyte. The sporophyte makes haploid spores by meiosis that become the gametophyte. The gametophyte then grows and develops and makes the gametes by mitosis which, when fused through fertilization, make a new sporophyte.

Blog #10 Why is dissection an important part of a biology curriculum? Which animals and/or plants should be included in biological studies?

Dissection is usually applied to the examination of plants and animals. The term is also used in relation to mechanisms, computer programs, written materials, etc., as a synonym for terms such as reverse engineering or literary deconstruction. Dissection is usually performed by students in courses of biology, botany and anatomy and in association with medical and arts studies. Vivisection refers to the dissection of a living animal, often for the purposes of physiological investigation and nowadays always under heavy sedation. However, the term is no longer widely used, in part because more sophisticated techniques have superseded it for many applications. The term is now almost entirely used in a pejorative sense by those who oppose animal testing of any sort. Dissection is often performed as a part of determining a cause of death in autopsy (on humans) and necropsy (on animals) and is an intrinsic part of forensic medicine, such as would be practiced by a coroner. Dissection is important because we learn the insides of animals and plants. I think the kind of animals and/or plants that should be included in biological studies is wild animals and plants. The kind of animals and plants that live in the wild and forests. Dissection teaches us about animals and plants by checking their insides.

Blog 1 Why is evolution a theory and not a law?

The statement "evolution is both a theory and a fact" is often seen in biological literature. Evolution is a "theory" in the scientific sense of the term "theory"; it is an established scientific model of a portion of the universe that generates propositions with observational consequences. Such a model both helps generate new research and helps us understand observed phenomena. When scientists say "evolution is a fact", they are using one of two meanings of the word "fact". One meaning is empirical: evolution can be observed through changes in allele frequencies or traits of a population over successive generations. Another way "fact" is used is to refer to a certain kind of theory, one that has been so powerful and productive for such a long time that it is universally accepted by scientists. When scientists say evolution is a fact in this sense, they mean it is a fact that all living organisms have descended from a common ancestor (or ancestral gene pool) even though this cannot be directly observed. This implies more tangibly that it is a fact that humans share a common ancestor with all living organisms. Evolution is usually defined simply as changes in trait or gene frequency in a population of organisms from one generation to the next. However, "evolution" is often used to include the following additional claims:

1. Differences in trait composition between isolated populations over many generations may result in the origin of new species.
2. All living organisms alive today have descended from a common ancestor (or ancestral gene pool).

 

Blog # 9 Define the different forms of community interaction: competition, commensalism, mutualism, predation, parasitism Give an example and a picture for each

Competition is a contest between individuals, groups, animals, etc. for territory, a niche, or a location of resources. It arises whenever two or more parties strive for a goal which cannot be shared. Competition occurs naturally between living organisms which co-exist in the same environment. For example, animals compete over water supplies, food, and mates, etc. Humans compete for water, food, and mates, though when these needs are met deep rivalries often arise over the pursuit of wealth, prestige, and fame. Business is often associated with competition as most companies are in competition with at least one other firm over the same group of customers. Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. Mutualism is any relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals derive a benefit. An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on the clownfish protects it from the stinging tentacles. Predation describes a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation always results in the death of its prey and the eventual absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption. A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasites may be necrotrophic, which is to say they kill their host, or biotrophic, meaning they rely on their host's surviving. Biotrophic parasitism is an extremely successful mode of life. Depending on the definition used, as many as half of all animals have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles, and it is also frequent in plants and fungi. Moreover, almost all free-living animals are host to one or more parasite taxa. An example of a biotrophic relationship would be a tick feeding on the blood of its host.

 

Blog 8 Your choice talk about something you learned or ask a question about something that is confusing you

Blog 7 Compare and contrast two biomes describe them in detail include pictures of plants and animals you are liklely to see

One biome is the freshwater biome. Freshwater is defined as having a low salt concentration — usually less than 1%. Plants and animals in freshwater regions are adjusted to the low salt content and would not be able to survive in areas of high salt concentration (i.e., ocean). These ponds and lakes range in size from just a few square meters to thousands of square kilometers.

 Another biome is the desert biome. Deserts cover about one fifth of the Earth's surface and occur where rainfall is less than 50 cm/year. Although most deserts, such as the Sahara of North Africa and the deserts of the southwestern U.S., Mexico, and Australia, occur at low latitudes, another kind of desert, cold deserts, occur in the basin and range area of Utah and Nevada and in parts of western Asia. Most deserts have a considerable amount of specialized vegetation, as well as specialized vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Soils often have abundant nutrients because they need only water to become very productive and have little or no organic matter. Disturbances are common in the form of occasional fires or cold weather, and sudden, infrequent, but intense rains that cause flooding. There are relatively few large mammals in deserts because most are not capable of storing sufficient water and withstanding the heat. Deserts often provide little shelter from the sun for large animals. The dominant animals of warm deserts are nonmammalian vertebrates, such as reptiles. Mammals are usually small, like the kangaroo mice of North American deserts. The difference between freshwater and desert biome is that the desert hardly has any water while the freshwater biome is covered with water.